Influenza

Causes and Risks:
There are three types of influenza virus. All are spread from person to person by inhaling infected droplets from the air. Type A is usually responsible for the large outbreaks and is a constantly changing virus. New strains of Type A virus develop regularly and result in a new epidemic every few years. Types B and C are fairly stable viruses. Type B causes smaller outbreaks, and Type C usually causes mild illness similar to the common cold . The incidence is 7 out of 1,000 people.

Prevention:
Anti-influenza vaccines (flu shots) are recommended annually for people who are 65 years of age or older, anyone with chronic heart or lung conditions, and those living in institutions. The vaccine has a 60 to 70 percent success rate in preventing infection.

For older individuals who have been exposed to the virus, the drug amantadine may be given to prevent them from actually getting the flu. This may also be used for treatment.

Symptoms:



Signs and Tests:



Treatment:
The goal of treatment is to alleviate the symptoms. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Bed rest, analgesics (pain killers) for muscle aches and pains, and warm fluids may help to relieve the discomfort of the symptoms.

Amantadine (antiviral medication) may be indicated for the elderly and people with heart or lung conditions, who face increased risk of more serious illness associated with influenza.

Prognosis:
Symptoms usually go away in 7 to 10 days. In rare cases, influenza may cause a severe pneumonia that may be fatal even in healthy adults.

Complications:



Call Your Healthcare Provider:
Call the health care provider if symptoms of the flu do not improve after 7 to 10 days, or if cough becomes productive of brown or green sputum, or if difficulty breathing develops.