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Pulmonary edema Causes and Risks:
Pulmonary edema is a complication of a myocardial infarction ( heart attack ), cardiac dysfunction, mitral or aortic valve disease, exposure to high altitude (rare), or other disorders. Fluid overload is a common cause in infants.
Fluid backs up into the veins of the lungs. Increased pressure in these veins forces fluid out of the vein and into the air spaces (alveoli). This interferes with the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli.
Prevention:
In many cases, this condition can not be prevented. The risk can be reduced by prompt treatment of cardiac disorders.
Symptoms:
Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:
Signs and Tests:
Listening to the chest with a stethoscope ( auscultation ) may show crackles in the lungs or abnormal heart sounds .
Treatment:
This is a medical emergency! Do not delay treatment. Hospitalization and immediate treatment are required.
Oxygen is given, by a mask or through a tube in the windpipe
(endotracheal tube) using mechanical ventilation.
Medications include diuretics such as furosemide to remove fluid, morphine to relieve congestion and anxiety , and other medications to treat the underlying cardiac disorder.
Prognosis:
Pulmonary edema is a life-threatening condition. It is often curable with treatment and control of the underlying disorder.
Complications:
This is a life-threatening disorder.
Call Your Healthcare Provider:
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if symptoms indicate pulmonary edema!
This is an illustration of the major features of the lungs and bronchial tree. The inset is of the alveoli. They are the microscopic blood vessel-lined sacks in which oxygen and carbon dioxide gas are exchanged.
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