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Bronchiectasis Causes and Risks:
Bronchiectasis is caused by recurrent inflammation or infection of the airways and primarily affects children, although any age may be affected. It may be present at birth, but most often begins in childhood as a complication from infection or foreign body aspiration . Cystic fibrosis , lung infections, and bronchial tumors are some predisposing factors. Symptoms may develop gradually after an infection, and become progressively worse. Symptoms vary widely with the individual. The incidence is 1 in 10,000 people.
Prevention:
Prompt treatment of lung infections may reduce risk.
Symptoms:
Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:
Signs and Tests:
Chest auscultation reveals crackles usually in the lower lobes of the lungs.
Tests may include: This disease may also alter the results of a chest MRI .
Treatment:
Treatment is aimed at controlling infections, secretions, airway obstruction , and complications.
Regular, daily postural drainage to remove bronchial secretions is a routine part of treatment. A respiratory therapist can teach postural drainage and effective coughing exercises to affected people and their families. A well balanced diet and adequate fluid intake of at least 8 glasses of fluid a day are very important for health maintenance.
Antibiotics, bronchodilators, and expectorants are often prescribed for infections. Childhood vaccinations and yearly influenza vaccine help reduce the prevalence of some infections. Avoidance of upper respiratory infections , smoking , and pollution may decrease susceptibility to infection.
Surgical lung resection may be indicated for those who fail to respond to therapy or for massive bleeding .
Prognosis:
With treatment, most people can lead normal lives without major disability.
Complications:
Cor pulmonale
Recurrent pneumonia
Call Your Healthcare Provider:
This is an illustration of the major features of the lungs and bronchial tree. The inset is of the alveoli. They are the microscopic blood vessel-lined sacks in which oxygen and carbon dioxide gas are exchanged.
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