Dilutional hyponatremia (SIADH)

Causes and Risks:
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance in this syndrome result from the inability to excrete dilute urine, retention of water within the body, and low sodium levels. The most common cause of SIADH is a type of lung cancer called "oat cell," which secretes excessive ADH . Other causes are pancreatic cancer , prostate cancer , Hodgkin's disease , central nervous system disorders, pulmonary disorders, certain drugs, thymomas, myxedema , and psychosis . SIADH may also develop in some children during the acute phase of meningitis . Risk factors are related to the causes. The incidence is 7 out of 10,000 people.

Prevention:
Prompt treatment of causative conditions may be helpful.

Symptoms:



Signs and Tests:

This disease may also alter the results of the following tests:



Treatment:
The goal of treatment is to restrict fluid intake to one-half or one liter per day. The cause of the disorder must be treated, and in the case of malignancy , radiation, chemotherapy or surgical removal of the tumor may correct the water retention.

Prognosis:
The outcome is related to the underlying disease.

Complications:



Call Your Healthcare Provider:
Call your health care provider if symptoms of dilutional hyponatremia occur.