Factor II deficiency

Causes and Risks:
Normal blood coagulation is a complex process involving as many as 20 different plasma proteins , which are known as blood coagulation factors. A series of complex chemical reactions using these factors takes place very rapidly to form an insoluble protein called fibrin that stops bleeding . When certain coagulation factors are deficient or missing, the chain reaction does not take place normally. In this disorder, bleeding ranges from mild to severe.

A congenital Factor II deficiency is a very rare inherited disorder that results in deficient blood clotting. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait (both parents are carriers). A family history of a bleeding disorder is a risk factor.

Acquired Factor II deficiency is common and results from vitamin K deficiency, severe liver disease , and therapeutic use of anticoagulant drugs. Risk factors for vitamin K deficiency are prolonged use of antibiotics, bile duct obstruction , and intestinal malabsorption (inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract) disorders. Some newborns are born with vitamin K deficiency.

Prevention:
Genetic counseling may be helpful in the case of congenital disorders. The use of vitamin K in malabsorption and long-term antibiotic use may be preventative.

Symptoms:



Signs and Tests:



Treatment:
Loss of blood can be controlled by infusions of fresh frozen plasma. If the disorder is caused by vitamin K deficiency, then vitamin K is prescribed. Diagnosis of a bleeding disorder is important so that precautionary measures can be taken if surgery is needed or anticipated.

Support Groups:
The stress of illness can often be helped by joining a support group where members share common experiences and problems. See hemophilia - support group .

Prognosis:
This is a life-long bleeding disorder when it is congenital. If it is caused by liver disease , the outcome depends on the control of the liver problem. Vitamin K administration will correct vitamin K deficiency.

Complications:
Bleeding into the brain or skull can occur.

Call Your Healthcare Provider:
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have unexplained or prolonged blood loss , or if bleeding does not respond to the usual methods of control.