Clinical hemoglobin C

Causes and Risks:
Hemoglobin C is a hemoglobinopathy that includes the production of an abnormal hemoglobin. This disorder is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Hemoglobin C produces a mild type of anemia that occurs because the red blood cells containing abnormal hemoglobin are broken down prematurely. Normal hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin A, is also present. The spleen may be enlarged, and there may be jaundice , a yellow color of the skin . Gallstones may develop and require treatment in adulthood. The disease occurs predominantly in the black race. A family history of hemoglobin C is a risk factor. In American blacks, the incidence is approximately 2% and is higher in blacks from Ghana.

Prevention:
Genetic counseling is helpful for determining the risk for offspring in high-risk couples.

Symptoms:
  • usually none
  • jaundice (yellowish color to the skin) is episodic



Signs and Tests:
Physical examination reveals an enlarged spleen .

This disease may also alter the results of the following tests:



Treatment:
Usually no treatment is required. Folic acid may help with the production of normal red blood cells and supplementation may improve the symptoms of the anemia .

Prognosis:
People with clinical hemoglobin C can expect to lead a normal life.

Complications:



Call Your Healthcare Provider:
Call your health care provider if symptoms occur or if new symptoms develop ( jaundice , abdominal pain , weakness , fatigue , or shortness of breath ).