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 BrucellosisCauses and Risks:Brucella bacteria infect cattle, goats, dogs and pigs. Transmission of the disease to humans occurs by contact with infected meat, placenta of infected animals, or ingestion of unpasteurized milk or cheese. The illness may be chronic and persist for years. Brucellosis is rare in the U.S., except in the western states and in visitors or immigrants from countries where it is prevalent (Spain, Mexico, South America). From 100 to 200 cases occur in the U.S. each year. Risk factors include occupations with contact with animals or meat; slaughterhouse workers, farmers, and veterinarians. Acute brucellosis may begin with mild flu-like symptoms or with fever , chills, sweating, muscle aches (myalgia), joint aches (arthralgia) and malaise. Characteristically, fever spikes every afternoon to levels around 104. "Undulant" fever derives its name from this undulating or up-and-down fever. Prevention: Pasteurization of milk and eating only aged cheeses are the most important preventative measures. People who handle meat should wear protective glasses and clothing and protect skin breaks from infection. Detecting infected animals controls the infection at its source. Vaccination is available for cattle, but not humans. Symptoms:
Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:
This disease may also alter the results of the following tests:
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