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Obsessive-compulsive disorder Causes and Risks:
The cause of this disorder is unknown; however, there are several psychological theories related to its cause. Major depression , organic brain syndrome , and schizophrenia may contribute to its onset.
There are two features of this disorder. "Obsession" is recurrent and persistent thoughts, ideas, or images that involuntarily invade the conscious awareness. Common obsessive thoughts may be about violence, contamination, or worry about a tragic event. "Compulsion" is an act the individual feels compelled to take in response to an obsession, even though it is senseless and tends to be repetitive. A great deal of anxiety is created if this compulsion is not performed. An example of compulsion is repetitive hand washing in an individual with obsessions about cleanliness or contamination. Usually the compulsive action temporarily relieves the anxiety; but the anxiety relief is short-lived, and the compulsion soon returns.
The disorder is rare, affecting less than 0.05 % of the population. Men and women are affected equally, and the onset is usually in adolescence or early adulthood.
Prevention:
Unknown
Symptoms:
- recurrent and persistent thoughts, ideas, or impulses that cause distress
- repetitive, purposeful, and intentional behaviors performed in response to an obsession
- recognition that the behavior is excessive or unreasonable
Signs and Tests:
The person's own description of the behavior usually leads to diagnosis of the disorder. A physical examination is given to rule out physical cause, and a psychological evaluation is given to rule out other psychiatric disorders.
Treatment:
The treatment aim is to reduce anxiety , resolve inner conflicts, and provide effective ways of reducing stress .
Medications used to treat anxiety disorders include sedative or sleep inducing drugs, antihistamines, and minor tranquilizers. These medications act on the central nervous system to reduce the feelings of anxiety and associated symptoms. The calming effect is induced by a state of sedation and drowsiness . A common class of antianxiety medications are the benzodiazepines. Newer antidepressants, such as Prozac, have been used to reduce the intensity of the symptoms. Clomipramine (Anafranil) may also be used to treat this condition.
Intensive long-term psychotherapy, or group therapy are treatment alternatives.
Behavioral therapies are often employed and may include several of the following: - aversion therapy--application of a painful stimulus when the obsession occurs to stop the associated behavior
- thought stopping--teaching the person to stop unwanted thoughts and focus attention on relieving anxiety
- flooding--frequent exposure to an object that triggers symptoms.
Prognosis:
Obsessions and compulsions may seriously affect occupational and social functioning. The disorder may be chronic , with remissions and flare-ups. Symptoms can usually be treated to a level that allows the person to lead a normal life.
Complications:
Physical health can be compromised by some repetitive behaviors and rituals.
Call Your Healthcare Provider:
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your obsession is interfering with daily life, work, or relationships; or if your compulsion is preventing you from leaving the house or enjoying specific activities.
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