Macular degeneration

Causes and Risks:
The macula is the part of the retina that distinguishes fine details at the center of the field of vision. Degeneration results from a partial breakdown of the insulating layer between the retina and the choroid (the layer of blood vessels behind the retina). Destruction of the retinal nerve occurs when fluid leaks into the choroid and forms scar tissue. Macular degeneration is common in the elderly and is considered a process of aging. The incidence increases with each decade over age 50 to almost 35% by the age of 75. Other risk factors are family history, cigarette smoking , and being Caucasian. This disorder results in the loss of central vision only, and peripheral fields are always maintained.

Prevention:
There is no known effective prevention. If you have a family history of macular degeneration, stop smoking (if you smoke).

Symptoms:



Signs and Tests:
Tests to evaluate the retina may include:



Treatment:
There is no specific treatment for macular degeneration, though zinc supplementation may slow the progression of the disease (see zinc in diet ). Therapy using laser surgery of the eye to coagulate abnormal blood vessels may be useful in the early stages of the disease. An Amsler grid, used at home to chart changes in vision , may be recommended.

Prognosis:
This disorder results in the loss of central vision only; peripheral vision is maintained.

Complications:
Problems with the vision can require a change in lifestyle or work.

Call Your Healthcare Provider:
Call your health care provider if a sudden or gradual decrease in central vision occurs.