Nasal polyps

Causes and Risks:
Nasal polyps appear in a number of conditions. The polyps originate near the ethmoid sinuses (located at the top of the nose on both sides of the nasal cavity) and grow into the open areas of the nasal cavity. Large polyps can obstruct the airway and block drainage from the sinuses. Sinus infections can result from fluid accumulating in the blocked sinuses. Children with nasal polyps sound congested and are often mandatory mouth breathers because of chronic nasal obstruction . A runny nose or infected nose is common.

Caused by an overproduction of fluid in the mucous membranes , polyps are seen with asthma , allergic rhinitis (hay fever), vasomotor rhinitis (may be caused by emotional upset and sexual arousal), and certain kinds of drug use, chronic sinus infections , and cystic fibrosis . About one out of four people with cystic fibrosis have nasal polyps.

Frequently, no specific cause can be found.

Prevention:
Underlying conditions such as allergies or infections can be treated to avoid the development of polyps. Avoiding or stopping use of any unnecessary drugs (e.g., cocaine) can help prevent development of this condition.

Symptoms:

Those with nasal polyps often have a history of:

Sufferers often have the following signs or symptoms:



Signs and Tests:
Nasal examination with a nasal speculum (an instrument that enlarges the opening of the nose for inspection) reveals a grayish grape-like mass within the nasal cavity. Occasionally, you can shine a light up your nostrils and view the polyps with a mirror, though most polyps are not easily seen. A physician must treat nasal polyps.

Treatment:
Medical treatment with a nasal steroid spray and/or a short course of oral corticosteroids is/are usually effective, shrinking or eliminating the polyps. Surgery to remove the polyps and infected material is recommended if the medical treatment is not successful.

Prognosis:
Medical treatment may be effective in relieving signs and symptoms. Surgical removal usually allows easier breathing through the nose, and improves sinus drainage and sense of smell.

Complications:
Nasal polyps may recur if an underlying allergy or infection is not controlled.

Call Your Healthcare Provider:
Call for an appointment with your health-care provider if the above signs and symptoms prevail.


A cross-section illustration of the mouth, nasal cavity, and throat. The nasal passages are also visible.