Gynecomastia

Considerations:
The most common cause of gynecomastia in the male is puberty. The condition may occur in one or both breasts and begins as a small lump beneath the nipple, which may be tender. The breasts often enlarge unevenly. Gynecomastia during puberty is not uncommon, is self-limiting, and usually goes away over a period of months.

In newborns, breast development may be associated with milk flow ( galactorrhea ). This condition usually lasts for a couple of weeks and in rare cases may persist until the child is two years old. It is caused by exposure to maternal hormones.

Other causes of gynecomastia include exposure to estrogens, androgens (often taken secretly for body building). marijuana , and some medications. Rare causes include tumors, genetic defects, and chronic liver disease .

Common Causes:

Note: There may be other causes of gynecomastia. This list is not all inclusive, and the causes are not presented in order of likelihood. The causes of this symptom can include unlikely diseases and medications. Furthermore, the causes may vary based on age and gender of the affected person, as well as on the specific characteristics of the symptoms such as quality, time course, aggravating factors, relieving factors, and associated complaints. Use the Symptoms Analysis option to explore the possible explanations for gynecomastia, occurring alone or in combination with other problems.

Home Care:
Apply cold compresses and use analgesics as recommended by the health care provider if swollen breasts are also tender.

Call Your Healthcare Provider If:
Call your health care provider is the breast(s) have developed abnormally or if there is swelling or pain in one or both breasts.

Note: Gynecomastia in children who have not yet reached puberty should always be evaluated by a health care provider.

What to Expect:
The medical history will be obtained and a physical examination performed.

Medical history questions documenting gynecomastia may include:

  • Is one or both breasts involved?
  • What is the age and gender of the patient?
  • What medications are being taken?
  • How long has gynecomastia been present?
  • Is the gynecomastia staying the same, getting better, or getting worse?
  • What other symptoms are also present?

Testing is not normally necessary, but the following tests may be performed to rule out disease cause:

Intervention:
Although spontaneous resolution is normal, persistent breast enlargement may be embarrassing for an adolescent boy. On occasion, breast development may be so great that surgery is recommended to prevent emotional damage.

After seeing your health care provider:
If a diagnosis was made by your health care provider related to gynecomastia, you may want to note that diagnosis in your personal medical record.