Speech impairment

Considerations:
DYSARTHRIA
Dysarthria is generally apparent in daily conversation where there is difficulty expressing certain sounds or words.

Dysarthria is often caused by degenerative neurological disorders.

APHASIA
In some cases of aphasia, the problem eventually resolves itself, in others the condition is irreversible.

This term does not apply to children who have never developed communication skills. It only applies to the loss of communication skills previously learned.

Common Causes:
DYSARTHRIA

APHASIA

Note: There may be other causes of speech impairment. This list is not all inclusive, and the causes are not presented in order of likelihood. The causes of this symptom can include unlikely diseases and medications. Furthermore, the causes may vary based on age and gender of the affected person, as well as on the specific characteristics of the symptom such as quality, time course, aggravating factors, relieving factors, and associated complaints. Use the Symptom Analysis option to explore the possible explanations for speech impairment, occurring alone or in combination with other problems.

Home Care:
For dysarthria, speaking slowly is encouraged and the use of hand gestures, when necessary, is recommended. Family and friends need to provide ample time for those afflicted with the disease to express themselves.

For aphasia, frequent orientation reminders (such as what day it is and what has happened) by family members may be needed; that is because disorientation and confusion often follow the onset of aphasia.

A relaxed, calm environment where external stimuli are kept to a minimum is important.

Speak in a normal tone of voice (this condition is not a hearing or emotional problem), use simple phrases to avoid misunderstanding, and don't assume that the afflicted person understands. Frustration, profanity, and depression are typical responses in people suffering from aphasia.

Provide the necessary communication aids.

Call Your Healthcare Provider If:

  • impairment or loss of communication comes on suddenly--call your health care provider immediately.
  • there is any unexplained impairment of speech or written language.



What to Expect:
The medical history will be obtained and a physical examination performed. The medical history may require the assistance of family or friends.

Medical history questions documenting speech impairment in detail may include:

  • time pattern
    • When did it develop?
    • Did it develop suddenly?

  • quality
    • Is there a problem with clearly pronouncing words (dysarthria)?
    • Is there a problem understanding speech?
    • Is there a problem expressing thoughts through speech?
    • Is there a problem understanding writing?
    • Is there a problem expressing thoughts through writing?

  • aggravating factors
    • Has there been a recent head injury ?
    • Are there problems with the dentures?

  • other
    • What other symptoms are also present?

The physical examination will include a detailed evaluation of brain function.

Diagnostic tests that may be performed include:

Intervention:
Referral to a speech pathologist, and in some cases a social worker, may be indicated.

After seeing your health care provider:
If a diagnosis was made by your health care provider related to a speech impairment, you may want to note that diagnosis in your personal medical record.


This is an illustration of the major areas of the brain. Each area has one or more specific functions.