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Fibrinogen

How the Test is Performed:
Adult or child:
Blood is drawn from a vein ( venipuncture ), usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned with antiseptic, and a tourniquet (an elastic band) or blood pressure cuff is placed around the upper arm to apply pressure and restrict blood flow through the vein. This causes veins below the tourniquet to distend (fill with blood). A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. During the procedure, the tourniquet is removed to restore circulation. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding .

Infant or young child:
The area is cleansed with antiseptic and punctured with a sharp needle or a lancet. The blood may be collected in a pipette (small glass tube), on a slide, onto a test strip, or into a small container. Cotton or a bandage may be applied to the puncture site if there is any continued bleeding.

How to Prepare:
Adult:
There is no special preparation.

Infants and children:
The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age:

infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year)
toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years)
preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years)
schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years)
adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years)

How it Feels:
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing .

Risks:

excessive bleeding
fainting or feeling lightheaded
hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
multiple punctures to locate veins

Why this Test is Performed:
This test may be performed when abnormal blood clotting is present, particularly if there is excessive bleeding .

Fibrinogen is a protein synthesized by the liver. It is used in the blood clotting process. Fibrinogen is cleaved (broken) by the enzyme thrombin to form fibrin peptides during normal coagulation (blood clotting). Thrombin also activates fibrin stabilizing factor (Factor XIII) which subsequently cross-links the fibrin monomer, thereby forming a lattice for the blood clot . Platelet aggregation at the site of injury is facilitated by binding of protein receptors in the platelet cell membranes to fibrin peptides.

Normal Values:
The normal range is 200 to 400 mg/dl.

Note: mg/dl = milligrams per deciliter

Abnormal Results:

lack of fibrinogen production (acquired or congenital)
excessive fibrinogen utilization (as in disseminated intravascular coagulation )
fibrinolysis (either primary or secondary)
hemorrhage, with transfusion of blood products deficient in fibrinogen

Additional conditions under which the test may be performed:

Cost:
The estimated cost is $38 for the serum fibrinogen test.

Special Considerations:
Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.