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Left heart catheterization How the Test is Performed:
You are given a mild sedative prior to the test. An intravenous catheter is started in your arm to allow for the administration of medication during the procedure. A radiologist or cardiologist inserts the catheter through a small incision in the femoral or brachial artery after cleansing the site and numbing the site with a local anesthetic. The catheter is then carefully threaded into your heart through the aorta and aortic valve and then into the left ventricle using X-ray images called fluoroscopy to guide the insertion. When the catheter is in place, dye is injected to visualize the structures and vessels within the heart.
How to Prepare:
Food and fluid is restricted for 6 to 8 hours before the test. The procedure takes place in the hospital. Sometimes, admission the night before the test is required. Otherwise, admission as an outpatient or inpatient the morning of the procedure is required. An explanation of the procedure and its risks is provided by a health care provider. You must sign a consent form for the procedure. You are given a mild sedative 1/2 hour before the procedure. The procedure may last from 1 to several hours. You will wear hospital clothing.
Infants and children:
The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age:
How it Feels:
The procedure takes place in a radiology department or cardiac diagnostic laboratory. You are given sedation to relax prior to the procedure, but you are awake and able to follow instructions during the test. You will remain on a stretcher for the duration of the test. An insertion is made into an artery for threading the catheter into the left side of your heart. You are given local anesthesia to insert the catheter, and the only sensation is one of pressure at the site. Discomfort may arise from having to lie still for prolonged periods of time.
Risks:
Risks of the procedure are cardiac arrhythmias , cardiac tamponade , trauma to the artery, low blood pressure , infection, embolism from blood clots at the tip of the catheter, reaction to contrast medium, hemorrhage, stroke , and heart attack .
Why this Test is Performed:
The procedure is performed to evaluate cardiac valvular disease, heart function and blood supply, congenital heart anomalies, and to determine the need for cardiac surgery. Therapeutic catheterization may be used to repair certain types of heart defects, open a stenotic heart valve, and dilate obstructed arteries or grafts in the heart.
Normal Values:
Normal heart size, normal heart motion and thickness, normal heart blood supply, normal heart pressures are found.
Abnormal Results:
Cardiac defects or disease may be present. These could include coronary artery disease , valvular heart disease (see below) , ventricular aneurysms , or enlargement of the heart .
Additional conditions under which the test may be performed:
Cost:
The estimated cost is $1,650.
Special Considerations:
Not applicable.
Cardiac catheterization is used to study the various functions of the heart. Using different techniques, the coronary arteries can be viewed by injecting dye or opened using balloon angioplasty. The oxygen concentration can be measured across the valves and walls (septa) of the heart and pressures within each chamber of the heart and across the valves can be measured. The technique can even be performed in small, newborn infants.
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